FGD (Limestone / Seawater)

INDURE has been successfully constructing ash handling systems in India and overseas with optimal use of precious and limited resources such as water and land. INDURE has immense experience and know-how having supplied ash handling systems for over 78,000 MW including systems for large units of 660 MW & 800 MW capacity. In addition, INDURE has successfully executed various turnkey contracts for medium size thermal power plants as well as EPC contracts for large Balance of Plant packages including units of more than 500 MW and complete power plants of various sizes. INDURE is well poised to undertake many Balance of Plant systems for large size plants and in line with the Government's policy of "Make in India” INDURE has proactively entered into an alliance with Steinmuller Babcock Environment Gmbh of Germany to offer cost effective and state of the art pollution control technology to Clients in India.

INDURE has concluded an exclusive license agreement with Steinmuller Babcock Environment GmbH to provide proven solutions for meeting stringent SOx emission norms through state-of-the-art technology for lime / limestone based wet Flue Gas Desulphurization and also seawater based Flue Gas Desulphurization systems.

Steinmüller Babcock Environment GmbH is a leading name in the technology for flue gas cleaning and thermal waste treatment. Steinmuller Babcock Environment GmbH, headquartered in Germany has around 50,000 MW of Flue Gas Desulphurization installation base across the world. Steinmüller Babcock Environment GmbH has been developing solutions for environmental protection for over five decades and is an old company having roots which stretch back over 150 years.

Wet Limestone based Flue Gas Desulphurization System

The wet limestone gypsum process uses limestone as an absorbent for the desulphurization of flue gases and produces gypsum that is suitable for industrial use as an end product. The flue gases coming from boiler are directed into the absorber where the pollutants SO2, HCl, HF are removed before flue gas is released into the atmosphere through the stack.

In absorber, constructed as a spray tower, the flue gases are brought into contact with a suspension containing calcium, for removing pollutants from the gas. The absorber, has three main zones. In the lower part of the absorber, the sump, the scrubbing suspension is stirred, supplied with fresh absorbent and aerated. The stirring supports the dissolution of the absorbent, ensures even gypsum crystallisation and prevents the solids from settling.

To oxidize separated SO2 into sulphate (gypsum), air is blown into the absorber sump in front of the side entry agitators and thereby finely dispersed in the liquid. The flue gases enter the absorber above the sump and flow upwards through the contact zone. There are multiple levels of spray nozzles in the upper area of this zone which disperse the scrubbing suspension out of the absorber sump in the form of fine droplets. The mass transfer of SO2 from the flue gas into the scrubbing liquid takes place in this contact zone. In the absorber top, the flue gases pass the horizontally installed droplet separators which remove the liquid droplets from the gas. The cleaned gas has been cooled down to saturation temperature as it leaves the absorber.

Limestone is either delivered as a powder or it is ground in the plant with a wet ball mill and fed via a dosing station into the absorber sump. A part of the gypsum-containing suspension is removed from the scrubber and pumped to the gypsum dewatering, which preferably consists of a hydro-cyclone station and a belt filter. The gypsum is rinsed there and dewatered to a residual moisture of < 10% by weight. A small part of the cyclone overflow is discharged as wastewater in order to remove chloride, which is very soluble in water, from the absorber cycle.

 

Flue Gas Desulphurization System based on Seawater

Flue gas desulphurization systems based on seawater are a mature, cost-effective technology and an ideal solution for coastal locations. In this wet scrubbing process, seawater is used as the exclusive absorbent instead of the limestone typically used. The pollutant, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), dissolves in the seawater, forming sulphite and hydrogen sulphite. These compounds are neutralized by carbonates and bicarbonates, which are natural components of seawater. The air introduced into the oxidation basin oxidizes the Sulphur compounds into sulphate, which is a natural component of seawater too. The seawater used in this process is usually taken from the cooling water circulation of the power plant, and is directed back into the sea after its use as an absorbent in the seawater flue gas cleaning system.

 

INDURE has been successfully constructing ash handling systems in India and overseas with optimal use of precious and limited resources such as water and land. INDURE has immense experience and know-how having supplied ash handling systems for over 78,000 MW including systems for large units of 660 MW & 800 MW capacity. In addition, INDURE has successfully executed various turnkey contracts for medium size thermal power plants as well as EPC contracts for large Balance of Plant packages including units of more than 500 MW and complete power plants of various sizes. INDURE is well poised to undertake many Balance of Plant systems for large size plants and in line with the Government's policy of "Make in India” INDURE has proactively entered into an alliance with Steinmuller Babcock Environment Gmbh of Germany to offer cost effective and state of the art pollution control technology to Clients in India.

INDURE has concluded an exclusive license agreement with Steinmuller Babcock Environment GmbH to provide proven solutions for meeting stringent SOx emission norms through state-of-the-art technology for lime / limestone based wet Flue Gas Desulphurization and also seawater based Flue Gas Desulphurization systems.

Steinmüller Babcock Environment GmbH is a leading name in the technology for flue gas cleaning and thermal waste treatment. Steinmuller Babcock Environment GmbH, headquartered in Germany has around 50,000 MW of Flue Gas Desulphurization installation base across the world. Steinmüller Babcock Environment GmbH has been developing solutions for environmental protection for over five decades and is an old company having roots which stretch back over 150 years.

Wet Limestone based Flue Gas Desulphurization System

The wet limestone gypsum process uses limestone as an absorbent for the desulphurization of flue gases and produces gypsum that is suitable for industrial use as an end product. The flue gases coming from boiler are directed into the absorber where the pollutants SO2, HCl, HF are removed before flue gas is released into the atmosphere through the stack.

In absorber, constructed as a spray tower, the flue gases are brought into contact with a suspension containing calcium, for removing pollutants from the gas. The absorber, has three main zones. In the lower part of the absorber, the sump, the scrubbing suspension is stirred, supplied with fresh absorbent and aerated. The stirring supports the dissolution of the absorbent, ensures even gypsum crystallisation and prevents the solids from settling.

To oxidize separated SO2 into sulphate (gypsum), air is blown into the absorber sump in front of the side entry agitators and thereby finely dispersed in the liquid. The flue gases enter the absorber above the sump and flow upwards through the contact zone. There are multiple levels of spray nozzles in the upper area of this zone which disperse the scrubbing suspension out of the absorber sump in the form of fine droplets. The mass transfer of SO2 from the flue gas into the scrubbing liquid takes place in this contact zone. In the absorber top, the flue gases pass the horizontally installed droplet separators which remove the liquid droplets from the gas. The cleaned gas has been cooled down to saturation temperature as it leaves the absorber.

Limestone is either delivered as a powder or it is ground in the plant with a wet ball mill and fed via a dosing station into the absorber sump. A part of the gypsum-containing suspension is removed from the scrubber and pumped to the gypsum dewatering, which preferably consists of a hydro-cyclone station and a belt filter. The gypsum is rinsed there and dewatered to a residual moisture of < 10% by weight. A small part of the cyclone overflow is discharged as wastewater in order to remove chloride, which is very soluble in water, from the absorber cycle.

 

Flue Gas Desulphurization System based on Seawater

Flue gas desulphurization systems based on seawater are a mature, cost-effective technology and an ideal solution for coastal locations. In this wet scrubbing process, seawater is used as the exclusive absorbent instead of the limestone typically used. The pollutant, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), dissolves in the seawater, forming sulphite and hydrogen sulphite. These compounds are neutralized by carbonates and bicarbonates, which are natural components of seawater. The air introduced into the oxidation basin oxidizes the Sulphur compounds into sulphate, which is a natural component of seawater too. The seawater used in this process is usually taken from the cooling water circulation of the power plant, and is directed back into the sea after its use as an absorbent in the seawater flue gas cleaning system.